Optical mice use image sensors to image naturally occurring texture in materials such as wood, cloth, mouse pads and Formica. A simple binary-image version of digital image correlation was used in the 1980 Lyon optical mouse. The technology underlying the modern optical computer mouse is known as digital image correlation, a technology pioneered by the defense industry for tracking military targets. S5085 optical sensor IC die (CMOS sensor + driver) Other manufacturers soon followed Microsoft's lead, including Apple for their Pro Mouse, using components manufactured by Agilent (once they spun off from HP), and over the next several years mechanical mice became obsolete. These mice worked on almost any surface, and represented a welcome improvement over mechanical mice, which would pick up dirt, track capriciously, invite rough handling, and need to be taken apart and cleaned frequently. These mice used technology developed by Hewlett-Packard under their Agilent Technologies subsidiary (see below). Xerox's inventions were never massively commercially exploited, however, and optical mice would remain elusive in the personal computer market until Microsoft released the IntelliMouse with IntelliEye and IntelliMouse Explorer in 1999. A surface-independent coherent light optical mouse design was patented by Stephen B. This advance enabled the mouse to detect relative motion on a wide variety of surfaces, translating the movement of the mouse into the movement of the cursor and eliminating the need for a special mouse-pad. As computing power grew cheaper, it became possible to embed more powerful special-purpose image-processing chips in the mouse itself. Modern surface-independent optical mice work by using an optoelectronic sensor (essentially, a tiny low-resolution video camera) to take successive images of the surface on which the mouse operates. The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer (v. The Kirsch and Lyon mouse types had very different behaviors, as the Kirsch mouse used an x-y coordinate system embedded in the pad, and would not work correctly when the pad was rotated, while the Lyon mouse used the x-y coordinate system of the mouse body, as mechanical mice do. Lyon of Xerox, used a 16-pixel visible-light image sensor with integrated motion detection on the same n‑type ( 5 µm) MOS integrated circuit chip, and tracked the motion of light dots in a dark field of a printed paper or similar mouse pad. Predictive algorithms in the CPU of the mouse calculated the speed and direction over the grid. One of these, invented by Steve Kirsch of MIT and Mouse Systems Corporation, used an infrared LED and a four-quadrant infrared sensor to detect grid lines printed with infrared absorbing ink on a special metallic surface. The first two optical mice, first demonstrated by two independent inventors in December 1980, had different basic designs: Obviously this is all rather academic.An early Xerox optical mouse chip, before the development of the inverted packaging design of Williams and Cherry Ideally I should have incorporated something to avoid this happening (probably a short time-delay before a new mouse move event could be registered). If you've got this hooked up to some kind of visual feedback you'd then see some unpleasant jitter which is why smoothing is probably a good idea.Īctually my OpenProcessing example demonstrates this issue: when you bring the mouse to a stop it's not unusual for your hand to overcompensate and draw it back slightly in the opposite direction and the system registers this as a separate move event. As an example someone could be moving the mouse to the left but 'twitch' at which point this frame-level approach would register motion to the right. and users don't necessarily have frame level control over the mouse. Mind you, since we're dealing with mouse motion we're dealing with user input. currDirection = "no horizontal motion".Whilst it's perhaps unlikely to happen you don't take account of the possibility of mouseX = pmouseX. That is a neat and simple solution, assuming it meets the OP's needs though do you oversimplfy in one respect. destAngle = atan2(mouseY - pmouseY,mouseX - pmouseX).}else if(dAngle-angle width||xheight ||y1).
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